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July 9, 1929. BRADNER ET AL Re. 17,365

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DISPERSING IRRITANTS Ofiginal Filed Feb. 7, 1925 Nz'clzolazrEfiqle 111, w

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ATTORNEY.

mama July 9, 1929.-

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PATENT m -m norm 3. 3mm or nsm ron, omo, AND nrcnonss a. oomsnr, minwoon, mum, sssronons-nr IESNE sssremn'rs, 'ro FEDERAL mom roams, 1110., or mrsnuaon, rmmsnvama, A oonronunon or nmwlmn.

rnocass um hummus FOB msrnasme mums.

Original Io. 1,635,228, dated,December 11, 1928, Serial 110. 7,594, fled February 7, 1985. Application.

for reissue filed Kay 21,- 1929. Serial No. 861,828. I a

This invention relates to a process and apparatus for dispersing. irritants and has more specific application to thedispersion of irritants in small portable fire-arms.

Among the objects of this invention is to provide a process and apparatus whereby an irritating material may be dispersed thru a small fire-arm by the .heat and pressure of propellant gases.

A'further object of this invention is to provide a cartridge which may be used in small portable fire-arms, the cartridge-being provided with a propelling charge and also irritating material, with or without an explosive charge associated therewith.

A further object of this invention is to provide a process and apparatus whereby an irritant, for example chloracetophenone, may be readily dispersed without the use of elaborate,jheavy or otherwise cumbersome appa-- ratus.

I Other, further and more specific objects of the invention will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the art from a consideration of the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.

.This invention finds special application as' a substitute for the ammunition now employed in the ordinary small fire-arm. In practicing this invention, an irritant is sub stituted for the shot or other metallic proj ectile of the cartridge and is propelled by the heat and pressure of the gases evolved from a propellant. This propellant'is fired with the "ordinary firing means provided in cartridges.

Ammunition of this character is readily portable and may be inserted in the weapon in an instant when occasion arises for its use. This ammunition is of small weight, small v bulk, simple and safe to use. It does not re+ quire the practice or instruction necessary with the ordinary type of ammunition and is valuable for military purposes.

The concentration of irritant in the enclosure may be regulated at will. The dispersion of irritants such as heretofore vde-J scribed is-very great and the irritant willpenetrate into places that would be diflicult or impossible toreach with the ordinary types l of ammunition.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings wherein there are illustrated certain specific embodiments of this invention.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a .45 caliber-automatic pistol cartri has been substitute for the bullet of the cartridge, a portion of the device being broken away to illustrate the interior construction thereof.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectionthru a rifle cartridge wherein an irritant is substituted for the bullet of the cartridge.

' Fig. 3 is a vertical section thru a shot-gun cartrldge wherein an irritant has been substituted for the bullet of the cartridge.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing an adaptation of this invention to mixtures of the lrritant and the explosive. For purposes of illustration a pistol cartridge is e, whereinan irritant shown, but the same principle may be approprinted in a rifle cart-ridge or shotcar-- tridge within the spirit and scope of l i is invention. f a

Fig. 5 is a side view showing a pistol cartridge with a bullet-shape container wherein' this invention is employed, a portion of the device being broken aw'a to show the -interior construction thereof. ere also a piston car tridge is illustrated, but the same principle may be applied to a rifle cartridge.

The pistol cartridge shown in 1 oom prises a brass casing (1) and primer above which is placed a powder charge at one end of the compartment formed by the casing (1). The primer and'powder char are pre erably the usual charges in approv service ammunition, the primer oonsistinglof potassium chlorate, antimony sulphide, and sulphur, and the powder charge being nitrocellulose. Above the powder char e (3) is placed a wad (4) of fibrous material, such as cotton, and this wad is sealed in place by sealing material, preferably 'paraflin. Above this wad (4) the quanti? of irritant (5),

for example chloracetop enone, is placed and this is in position b means of a Wild (6), similar to wad (4) w ich is also sealed in position like the wad (4). When this cartridge is placed in a pistol, by

the primer (2) the powder :charge (3) be set ofi and the heat and pressure produced thereby will propel the irritant become dispersed in the air.

will be forced out 0 In the, devices shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the powder charge 3) and irritant (5) are sealed in position slm ar to that in Fig. 1. In Fig. 7

3, the powder charge (3) is separated from the casing (1) of the cartridge by abase'wad (7) of compressed pa r.

In Fig. 4, which a so shows as caliber automatlc pistol cartridge, the powder charge and the irritant are shown as a mixture (8) By firing the primer (2), the powder mixture Wlll be set off, creatin heat and pressure and- E the barrel of the gun carrying the irritant with it. With devices such as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the dispersion of irritant takes place at the muzzle of the n. r In the device shown in Fig. 5, the A5 caliber automatic pistol cartridge comprises the two portions (9) and (10). The .portion (9) is the usual casing of the service cartridge and contains a propelling charge (11) The bullet-shape container (10) is preferably the cupronickel shellof the service bullet, and contains the irritant which may be intimately mixed with an explosive or fuel or a core of a bursting charge surrounded by the irritant barrel of the pistol. The flash of the promay be used. The materials in the two compartments (9) and (10)31'8 separated by a partition in which is a time fuse (12), and which is in contact with the substances in eachof these compartments. A wad (13) of suitable material also separates the materials in the compartments formed by the casing (9) and 10). p

When this ullet is'placed in a small firearm such as a pistol, by firing the primer (.2)

the propelling charge is set offend the heat and pressure roduced thereby pro els the compartment 10') and'its contents 20m. the

polling charge ignites the fuse or pellet (12), which is so timed as to set off the explosive or fuel in the mixture, or else the bursting charge surrounded bythe irritant, when the f latter type is employed, at a predetermined time after the container (10) and its contents .have been fired from the pistol. The bursting of the container by the explosive, or the burning of the fuel disperses the irritant, and the dispersion of the irritant may occur at a distance from where the cartridge is fired.

T Altho chloracetophenone illustrated as the preferred irritant in these devices, there maybe also (used other irritants such as di-' phenylaminechlorarsine, diphenylchlorarsine, other halogen derivativesmf acetophesaid primer, a

nonesuch as bromacetophenone or iodoacetophenone, etc. These irritants should be solid temperature and I melt at 20' at ordina 400 0. be solid organic irritants with melting points of 35 150 G. are preferred. The propellant charge ma be the usual charge in the service cartri ge, and consisting of nitrocellulose powder. The explosive in devices such as shown in Fi 5 may vary with the charactef- 6f the irritant and the purpose for which the device is desired, but, in most cases, black powder or finely divided smokeless powder are preferred.- Where a fuel rather than an'explosive is used to disperse the irritant, smokeless powder is preferred. Y

The present invention is not limited to the. specific details set forth in the foregoing examples which should be construed as illustrative and .not by way of limitation, and in view of the numerous modifications which may be effected therein without departing c from the spirit and scopeof this invention,

--said chemical arranged to be projected and immediately dispersed by the released energy of the propellent powder upon the firing of the cartridge.

2. A cartridge for small fire-arms containing a primer, a ropellent powder adjacent ming, blinding, and disablin gas-generating chemical intimately mixed with a portion of said powder and in direct contact with the powder adjacent the primer, and a moisture-proof seal closing said cartridge.

3. Apartridgefor fire-arms containing a primer, a propellant powder and a halogen derivative of acetophenone arranged" to be projected and immediately .dispersed by the released energy-ofthe propellant powder upon the firing of the cartridge, and a seal closing said cartridge.

4. A cartridge forfire-arms containing a Iprimer, a propellant powder and a charge of chloracetophenone arranged to be projected and immediately dispersed by the released energy of the propellant powder upon the firing of the cartridge, anda seal closing said cartridge.-

TDONALD B. BRADNER.

NICHOLAS E. OGLESBY. 

